Osteoporosis

Osteoporosis is often called the “silent disease” because it progresses without symptoms—until a fracture occurs. For many older adults, a simple fall or even a minor movement can lead to painful, debilitating fractures that impact independence and quality of life. The good news? Physical therapy can play a crucial role in strengthening bones, improving balance, and reducing the risk of fractures.

What Is Osteoporosis?

Osteoporosis is a condition where bones become weak, brittle, and more likely to break. The body loses too much bone, doesn’t make enough new bone, or both—leading to reduced bone density and strength. This makes fractures more common, especially in the hips, spine, and wrists.
Many people don’t realize they have osteoporosis until they experience a fracture. However, early detection and intervention can help slow bone loss and prevent serious injuries.

How Common Is Osteoporosis in Older Adults?

Osteoporosis is a major public health concern. According to the National Osteoporosis Foundation:
About 54 million Americans have osteoporosis or low bone density.
One in two women and one in four men over 50 will experience an osteoporosis-related fracture.
Fractures caused by osteoporosis can lead to chronic pain, reduced mobility, and loss of independence.

Risk Factors for Osteoporosis

Several factors increase the risk of developing osteoporosis, including:

• Aging – Bone density naturally decreases with age.
• Gender – Women, especially after menopause, are at higher risk.
• Family History – A family history of osteoporosis raises the likelihood of developing the condition.
• Low Calcium and Vitamin D Intake – Both are essential for bone health.
  Lack of Weight-Bearing Exercise – A sedentary lifestyle weakens bones over time.
• Smoking and Excess Alcohol Consumption – These habits interfere with bone formation.
• Certain Medications – Long-term use of steroids and some medications for seizures or gastric reflux can contribute to bone loss.

How Physical Therapy Helps Patients with Osteoporosis

Physical therapy is a key part of osteoporosis management, helping to:
Improve Bone Strength – Weight-bearing and resistance exercises promote bone remodeling and reduce bone loss.

• Enhance Posture and Spinal Stability – Proper posture reduces stress on fragile bones, lowering the risk of fractures.
• Increase Strength and Flexibility – Stronger muscles help support bones and improve movement efficiency.
• Improve Balance and Reduce Fall Risk – Falls are a major cause of fractures in osteoporosis patients. Balance training helps prevent them.
• Relieve Pain – Gentle exercises can alleviate pain and stiffness, making daily activities easier.